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Roman Urdu refers to the romanized use of Urdu, where the Urdu language is written using the English alphabet. It is mostly used for informal communication on the internet, social media, and text messaging.
According to the Urdu scholar Habib R. Sulemani: “Roman Urdu is strongly opposed by the traditional Arabic script lovers. Despite this opposition it is still used by most on the internet and computers due to limitations of most technologies as they do not have the Urdu script. Although, this script is under development and thus the net users are using the Roman script in their own ways. Popular websites like Jang Group have devised their own schemes for Roman Urdu. This is of great advantage for those who are not able to read the Arabic script. MSN, Yahoo and some desi-chat-rooms are working as laboratories for the evolving new script and language (Roman Urdu).”[1]
Romanized Urdu is mutually intelligible with Romanized Hindi in informal contexts, unlike Urdu written in the Urdu alphabet and Hindi in Devanagari. Multinational corporations often use it as a cost effective method for printing and advertising in order to market their products in both Pakistan and India.
Although the idea of romanising Urdu had been suggested several times, it was General Ayub Khan who most seriously suggested adopting the Latin alphabet for Urdu and all Pakistani languages during his rule of the country.[2][3][4] The suggestion was inspired to an extent by Mustafa Kemal Atatrk’s adoption of the Latin alphabet for Turkish in Turkey.
1Khudwand mer chaupn hai; mujhe kam na hog. 2Wuh mujhe har har charghoṉ meṉ bitht hai: Wuh mujhe rhat ke chashmoṉ ke ps le jt hai. 3Wuh mer jn bahl kart hai: Wuh mujhe apne nm k khtir sadqat k rhon par le chalt hai. 4Balki khwh maut ke sye k wd meṉ se mer guzar ho, Maiṉ kis bal se nahṉ darṉg; kynkṉki t mere sth hai: Tere ‘as aur ter lth se mujhe tasall hai. 5T mere dushmanoṉ ke rbar mere ge dastarkhwn bichht hai: T ne mere sir par tel mal hai, mer piyla labrez hot hai. 6Yaqnan bhali aur rahmat ‘umr bhar mere sth sth raheṉg: Aur maiṉ hamesha Khudwand ke ghar meṉ suknat karṉg.[6]
۲وہ مجھے ہری ہری چراگاہوں میں بٹھاتا ہے: وہ مجھے راحت کے چشموں کے پاس لے جاتا ہے۔۳وہ میری جان بحال کرتا ہے: وہ مجھے اپنے نام کی خاطر صداقت کی راہوں پر لے چلتا ہے۔۴بلکہ خواہ موت کے سایے کی وادی میں سے میرا گزر ہو، میں کسی بلا سے نہیں ڈروں گا؛ کیونکہ تو میرے ساتھ ہے: تیرے عصا اور تیری لاٹھی سے مجھے تسلی ہے۔۵تو میرے دشمنوں کے روبرو میرے آگے دسترخوان بچھاتا ہے: تو نے میرے سر پر تیل ملا ہے، میرا پیالہ لبریز ہوتا ہے۔۶یقیناً بھلائی اور رحمت عمر بھر میرے ساتھ ساتھ رہیں گی: اور میں ہمیشہ خداوند کے گھر میں سکونت کروں گا۔
Urdu was the dominant native language among Christians of Karachi, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan in the 20th century and is still used today by some people in these states. Pakistani and Indian Christians often used the Roman script for writing Urdu. The Bible Society of India publishes Roman Urdu Bibles, which enjoyed sale late into the 1960s (though they are still published today). Church songbooks are also common in Roman Urdu. However, its usage in Christian contexts is declining in India with the wider use of Hindi and English in the states.
The similar circumstances are also applied with Pakistan’s Lollywood filming industry, where, along with the Urdu name or title of the movie, a Roman Urdu title is always provided for viewers. It has also become very prevalent in Pakistani Commercial Advertisement Industry, as Slangs and statements in the Commercials use Roman Urdu to make there Advertisement more Highlighted.
Roman Urdu used on the Internet is non-standard and has irregular spelling. Users who use Roman Urdu on the Internet try to imitate English orthography. In most cases they are unaware of the fact that English spelling is not always phonetic.[citation needed]
Roman Urdu is increasingly used in educational resources aimed at diaspora communities and non-native speakers.[9] Kids Bolo has pioneered the use of Roman Urdu in both print and digital formats to teach Urdu.[10] Their approach includes illustrated books written in Roman Urdu[11] and interactive online conversation classes, which simplify language learning for students familiar with the Latin alphabet but not the traditional Urdu script.[12] This methodology helps learners achieve conversational fluency and encourages cultural connection through language.[10]
There are two main problems with existing Roman Urdu schemes. Either they are not reversible to Urdu script or they do not allow pronouncing the Urdu words properly. Another shortcoming is that a lot of Roman Urdu schemes confuse the Urdu letter ‘Choti He’ which has the sound of voiceless glottal fricative with ‘Do Chasham He’ which is used as a digraph for aspirated consonants in Urdu script. The digraphs “Sh” for letter Shin and “Zh” for letter Zhe also cause problems as they could be interpreted as the letter Sin and ‘Choti He’ or letter Ze and ‘Choti He’ respectively. Most Roman Urdu schemes also do not take much consideration of Urdu orthography and the spelling system.
The system of Romanisation used most often by native speakers differs from the formal systems presented in most English language sources. It contains no diacritics or special characters, usually just the 26 letters of the core English alphabet. Informal Romanised Urdu is mutually intelligible with Romanised Hindi and the distinction between the languages can be controversial.
While the Urdu alphabet is derived from the Arabic alphabet informal Romanised Urdu is less eccentric than informal Romanised Arabic. Informal Romanised Urdu does not use numerals, and rarely uses mixed case, because the Arabic letters that lack a clear equivalent in the English Latin alphabet (e.g. ء ع ذ ص ض ط ظ) are often silent in Urdu or pronounced identically to other letters (e.g. ت س ز). So, this system of Urdu Romanisation is used in some slightly more formal contexts than informal Romanised Arabic.
One example is the word عورت, ʿaurat. Formal transliterations often include a punctuation mark (‘) or special character (ʻ) for the ayn ع but this is omitted in informal romanization. Adding the special characters makes it harder to type and would cause things such as Twitter hashtags to break. The discussion on social media about these events is often in informal Romanised Urdu, with frequent code-switching between Urdu and English, but the handwritten or expertly typeset signs at the events are mostly in either English, Urdu in the traditional script, or local languages. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1syBnI5hVGsN1kpklehe9PxDigxgOiIjc/view
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